Concepts focused around sport and leisure surface effect craft have over the years developed into programmes currently under way for both civilian and commercial focused craft. With the transport of people, goods and services orientated craft, both manned and unmanned currently being developed as a result of scaled craft having been tested.
The soviet era ekranoplan design considered to be as stable as the lippisch by the world’s leading academic on the subject, but the design is quite challenging. The cruise height is usually expected to be around 10% of the wingspan but the speed potential is far greater than the lippisch design.
